Abstract
AbstractOn‐chip stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) that results from enhanced light–sound interactions, has recently demonstrated great applicability and versatility for signal generation and manipulation. Progress toward realizing fully integrated Brillouin photonic circuits is promising; however, the control and routing of on‐chip optical waves requires non‐reciprocal elements such as circulators, which is challenging and adds complexity. Here, a circulator‐free Brillouin photonic planar waveguide circuit which eliminates the need for separate non‐reciprocal elements is demonstrated. Backward inter‐modal Brillouin scattering (BIBS) is used in a planar photonic integrated circuit, for the first time, to provide Brillouin processing capability in a multi‐modal waveguide, conveniently allowing for the separation of counter‐propagating pump and signal using passive integrated mode‐selective filters. Using an As2S3–Si hybrid multi‐modal photonic circuit, inter‐optical‐mode energy transfer with a Brillouin gain coefficient of 280 m−1W−1 is experimentally demonstrated, representing two orders of magnitude enhancement compared to conventional optical fibers. This on‐chip BIBS circuit allows for independent routing of pump and signal waves, showing resilience to the cross talk. The experimental demonstrations provide an important basis for achieving fully integrated Brillouin photonic circuits without requiring on‐chip circulators and fine spectral filtering, opening a new dimension for studying spatial‐dependent photon–phonon nonlinear dynamics.
Highlights
Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is an optomechanical interaction that originates from coherent nonlinear coupling between optical waves and sound waves.[1]
In this paper we report the first demonstration of on-chip backward inter-modal Brillouin scattering (BIBS), as the basis of a circulator-free multi-modal Brillouin circuit
The Backward inter-modal Brillouin scattering (BIBS) process occurs in the Brillouin-active waveguide; the pump in the fundamental mode amplifies the counter-propagating signal in the higher-order mode
Summary
Stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is an optomechanical interaction that originates from coherent nonlinear coupling between optical waves and sound waves.[1]. Realizing fully integrated Brillouin photonic circuits requires the separation of pump and signal waves after Brillouin interactions, in order to avoid crosstalk and to protect critical devices such as lasers and photodetectors. On-chip Brillouin-based active nonreciprocal elements[33,34] are promising but current approaches require suspended silicon membranes that compromise device robustness, and the intrinsic optical nonlinear loss of silicon limits achievable Brillouin gain in single-pass waveguides.[35,36] a passive and simple approach, which allows for the separation of pump and signal waves without the need for on-chip circulators and high-resolution filters is highly desirable. In a hybrid As2S3Si photonic planar chip, integrated silicon multiplexers can excite separate optical modes for the pump and signal waves in an As2S3 planar waveguide for BIBS process, which allows for inter-modal Brillouin amplification and energy transfer without nonlinear loss. This work makes an important step toward monolithically integrated Brillouin photonic systems by eliminating the need for complex and challenging circulators and fine-resolution filters, and provides a new platform for exploring mode-dependent photon– phonon interaction dynamics
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