Abstract
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of tropical sea surface temperature (SST) on the midlatitude circulation regime behavior in the Pacific–North American region. Toward this end, a cluster analysis has been applied to 55-member ensembles of winter seasonal simulations of the Center for Ocean–Land–Atmosphere Studies general circulation model for 18 winters. The ensemble members for each winter utilize the same prescribed, observed weekly varying SST for that winter. The cluster analysis includes all fluctuations with time scales longer than 10 days except for the ensemble mean seasonal cycle. Using a partitioning algorithm separately applied to each winter's ensemble, clusters are found in the 200-hPa height field that are signicant (vis-a-vis a suitable Gaussian background), reproducible (in half-length datasets), and consistent (with clusters obtained from the 200-hPa u wind) for all winters except the strong El Nino events of 1982/83, 1986/87, and 1997/98. One cluster found con...
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