Abstract
Understanding the diversity and circulation dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses is key to public health decision-making. The limited genetic information of pre-pandemic seasonal IAVs in Chile has made it difficult to accurately reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of these viruses within the country. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of pre-pandemic human seasonal IAVs in Chile. We sequenced the complete genome of 42 historic IAV obtained between 1996 and 2007. The phylogeny was determined using HA sequences and complemented using other segments. Time-scale phylogenetic analyses revealed that the diversity of pre-pandemic human seasonal IAVs in Chile was influenced by continuous introductions of new A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 lineages and constant viral exchange between Chile and other countries every year. These results provide important knowledge about genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of pre-pandemic human seasonal IAVs in Chile, which can help design optimal surveillance systems and prevention strategies. However, future studies with current sequences should be conducted.
Highlights
Understanding the diversity and circulation dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses is key to public health decision-making
In public depositories we found two Influenza A virus (IAV) complete genomes, HA, 17 NA, and 13M segments published before 2009, derived from H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes
We evaluated the genetic diversity and evolution of the seasonal human IAVs in Chile between 1994 and 2008
Summary
Understanding the diversity and circulation dynamics of seasonal influenza viruses is key to public health decision-making. Time-scale phylogenetic analyses revealed that the diversity of pre-pandemic human seasonal IAVs in Chile was influenced by continuous introductions of new A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 lineages and constant viral exchange between Chile and other countries every year. These results provide important knowledge about genetic diversity and evolutionary patterns of pre-pandemic human seasonal IAVs in Chile, which can help design optimal surveillance systems and prevention strategies. The last influenza pandemic was caused by a novel lineage of Influenza A/H1N1 (A/H1N1pdm09), causing more than 123,000 global deaths from March to December 20092 This strain displaced the previous human seasonal IAV A/H1N1 subtype that was circulating before the pandemic[3]. Studies suggest that A/H3N2 viruses originate from an ecological source located in East and Southeast Asia, and from there, spread to other regions of the w
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