Abstract
Poliomyelitis associated with circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) is a serious public health issue in the post-eradication era, and the occurrence of recombinant cVDPVs emphasizes the need to elucidate enterovirus C (EV-C) epidemiology. Stool samples were collected from 826 healthy children in Southern Xinjiang in 2011 to investigate EV-C circulation and epidemiology. Thirty-six EV-Cs were isolated and assigned to eight EV-C serotypes by molecular serotyping, suggesting the circulation of diverse EV-Cs in Xinjiang. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Xinjiang EV-C strains had larger variation compared to the prototype and other modern strains. Additionally, the results showed unique characteristics of Xinjiang EV-Cs, such as the cytopathicity of CV-A1 strains to RD cells; the high divergence in CV-A11, CV-A13, CV-A17, and CV-A20 strains; the divergence of Xinjiang CV-A24 from AHC-related CV-A24 variant stains distributed worldwide; and the circulation of two novel EV-C serotypes (EV-C96 and EV-C99). Evaluations of this dense and diverse EV-C ecosystem will help elucidate the processes shaping enteroviral biodiversity. This study will improve our understanding of the evolution of enteroviruses and the recombination potential between polioviruses and other EV-Cs.
Highlights
Enteroviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses comprising 60 copies each of the capsid proteins VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1, and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome
Recombination between polio vaccine strains and non-polio enteroviruses depends on the presence in the infected host of viruses likely to recombine with poliovirus, such as Enterovirus C (EV-C), so recombination between VDPVs and EV-Cs may indicate the presence and frequency of these enteroviruses in the population and prolonged VDPV circulation in the community[26]
As part of the surveillance for wild poliovirus infections, 826 stool samples were collected from healthy children in Southern Xinjiang from August to December, 2011, the stool samples were used to investigate the circulation and epidemiology of potential VDPVs and other EV-Cs in this region where imported wild-type polioviruses had been detected
Summary
Enteroviruses are small, non-enveloped viruses comprising 60 copies each of the capsid proteins VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1, and a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA genome. Poliomyelitis associated with mutated and pathogenic poliovirus strains derived from the oral polio vaccine has been a serious public health issue in the post-eradication era especially in polio free countries such as China[15,16]. Such pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have been reported in many poliomyelitis outbreaks in various countries, including China[17,18,19,20]. Poliovirus is a member of species EV-C and outbreaks of VDPVs (most contain EV-C donor sequences in their non-structural region) are of public health significance. The molecular characteristics of the circulating Xinjiang EV-C isolates were investigated in more detail
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