Circulation of bovine herpesvirus (Herpesviridae: Varicellovirus) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (Flaviviridae: Pestivirus) among wild artiodactyls of the Moscow region

Abstract

Pestiviruses and viruses of the Herpesviridae family are widely distributed among different species of ungulates, but the main information about these pathogens is related to their effect on farm animals. Data on detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpes virus (BoHV) in wild ungulates reported from different countries in recent years raises the question of the role of wild animals in the epidemiology of cattle diseases. To study the prevalence of herpesviruses and pestiviruses in the population of wild artiodactyls of the Moscow region. Samples of parenchymal organs and mucosal swabs from 124 wild deer (moose and roe deer) shot during hunting seasons 20192022 in Moscow Region were examined by PCR, virological and serological methods for the presence of genetic material and antibodies to bovine infectious rhinotracheitis and viral diarrhea. BVDV RNA was found in a sample from one moose, BoHV DNA was detected in samples from three roe deer and two moose shot in the Moscow region. Seropositive animals were of different sex and age, the total BoHVs and BVDV seroprevalence rates in wild artiodactyls were 46 and 29%, respectively. Wild ruminant artiodactyls of the Moscow Region can be a natural reservoir of BoHV-1, and this must be taken into account when planning and organizing measures to control the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Cases of BVDV infection in wild artiodactyls are less common, so more research is needed to definitively establish their role in the epidemiology of this disease in cattle.