Abstract
Cardioviruses cause serious disease, mainly in rodents, including diabetes, myocarditis, encephalomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis-like disseminated encephalomyelitis. Recently, a human virus isolate obtained 25 years ago, termed Saffold virus, was sequenced and classified as a cardiovirus. We conducted systematic molecular screening for Saffold-like viruses in 844 fecal samples from patients with gastroenteritis from Germany and Brazil, across all age groups. Six cardioviruses were identified in patients <6 years of age. Viral loads were 283,305-5,044,412,175 copies/g of stool. Co-infections occurred in 4 of 6 children. No evidence for outbreak-like epidemic patterns was found. Phylogenetic analysis identified 3 distinct genetic lineages. Viral protein 1 amino acids were 67.9%-77.7% identical and had a distance of at least 39.4% from known cardioviruses. Because closely related strains were found on 2 continents, global distribution in humans is suspected. Saffold-like viruses may be the first human cardiovirus species to be identified.
Highlights
Cardioviruses cause serious disease, mainly in rodents, including diabetes, myocarditis, encephalomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis–like disseminated encephalomyelitis
A virus related to TMEV, named Vilyuisk virus, was isolated from a laboratory mouse that had been injected intracerebrally with blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a symptomatic patient [11,12]
A nested reverse transcription–PCR (RT-PCR) was designed on the basis of a recently published sequence of a prototype human cardiovirus, the Saffold virus
Summary
Cardioviruses cause serious disease, mainly in rodents, including diabetes, myocarditis, encephalomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis–like disseminated encephalomyelitis. A human virus isolate obtained 25 years ago, termed Saffold virus, was sequenced and classified as a cardiovirus. We conducted systematic molecular screening for Saffold-like viruses in 844 fecal samples from patients with gastroenteritis from Germany and Brazil, across all age groups. Saffold-like viruses may be the first human cardiovirus species to be identified. The genome of another cardiovirus, the Saffold virus, was characterized [16] This virus was isolated in 1982 from a stool sample of a child with fever of un-. Phylogenetic analysis showed 3 independent lineages of circulating Saffold-like viruses (SafVs). Analysis of amino acid identities and considerations regarding transmission patterns suggest that SafV most likely constitutes a new cardiovirus that is associated with humans worldwide
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