Circulating tumor RNA and exosomes as disease prognosis and therapy effectivity novel markers in case of malignant gliomas in adults

Abstract

Malignant gliomas of CNS are the most wide-spread variant of primary brain tumors characteristic of invasive growth, fast evolution, high resistance to therapy and consequently quick recurrence that causes death of the patients. Taking into consideration peculiar features of these neoplasms an acute need has sprung in neurooncologic community for a search of novel low-invasive methods for the assessment of treatment effectivity and determining the progression rate of the disease. During the last decade a great number of studies exploring various circulating tumor ribonucleic acids in case of astrocytoma have been accomplished. The tumor nucleic acids as well as vesicles expressed by glioma may be discovered in blood and spine fluid. Thus these biomarkers are the most perspective targets for realizing these goals. The review presents tumor ribonucleic acids and exosomes, regulatory signaling pathways within tumor glioma cell causing resistance towards alkalizing chemical preparations and directly participating in recurrence. The most prospective nucleic acids as prognosis biomarkers and response to specific antitumor therapy predictors were determined and the most informative methods of their assessment have been depicted. Possibilities of alkalizing agents effectivity rise by means of nucleic acids expression correction have been discussed.