Year-end Sale % OFF 
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex multi-system neurodegenerative disorder with currently limited diagnostic and no therapeutic options. Despite the intense efforts no clinically applicable biomarkers for ALS are yet established. Most current research is thus focused, in particular, in identifying potential non-invasive circulating biomarkers for more rapid and accurate diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. In this review, we have focused on messenger RNA (mRNA), non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), micro RNAs (miRNAs) and circular RNA (circRNAs) as potential biomarkers for ALS in peripheral blood serum, plasma and cells. The most promising miRNAs include miR-206, miR-133b, miR-27a, mi-338-3p, miR-183, miR-451, let-7 and miR-125b. To test clinical potential of this miRNA panel, a useful approach may be to perform such analysis on larger multi-center scale using similar experimental design. However, other types of RNAs (lncRNAs, circRNAs and mRNAs) that, together with miRNAs, represent RNA networks, have not been yet extensively studied in blood samples of patients with ALS. Additional research has to be done in order to find robust circulating biomarkers and therapeutic targets that will distinguish key RNA interactions in specific ALS-types to facilitate diagnosis, predict progression and design therapy.
Highlights
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) belongs to a group of complex multi-factorial neurodegenerative diseases
We considered each RNA species separately as potential circulating biomarkers for ALS and in our conclusions we propose a potential integrated biomarker composed of the long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs)/circular RNA (circRNA)-micro RNAs (miRNAs)-messenger RNA (mRNA) axis based on a competitive endogenous RNA network hypothesis [22,23]
Specific RNA networks based on cross-talk between lncRNA/circRNA, miRNA and mRNA have recently attracted more attention [182]
Summary
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) belongs to a group of complex multi-factorial neurodegenerative diseases. In a study that included 56 SALS patients and 20 healthy controls, Liguori et al confirmed the importance of 12 genes whose mutations have been already identified as causative of SALS/FALS (PFN1, TUBA4A, PARK7, SQSTM1, DCTN1, C9orf, TMEM106B, ALS2, TRPM7, MATR3, SPG11 and ATXN2) [3,9,62,63,64,65,66] by detecting their differential expression (mRNAs) in the peripheral blood samples of SALS patients compared to controls [67] They identified differential expression of other potential candidate genes like galectin 3 (LGALS3), which is implicated in neuroinflammation and protein kinase C delta (PRKCD), which is activated in mitochondrial-induced apoptosis [67].
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
