Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that affects synovial joints, leading to inflammation, joint destruction, loss of function, and disability. Although recent pharmaceutical advances have improved the treatment of RA, patients often inquire about dietary interventions to improve RA symptoms, as they perceive pain and/or swelling after the consumption or avoidance of certain foods. There is evidence that some foods have pro- or anti-inflammatory effects mediated by diet-related metabolites. In addition, recent literature has shown a link between diet-related metabolites and microbiome changes, since the gut microbiome is involved in the metabolism of some dietary ingredients. But diet and the gut microbiome are not the only factors linked to circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites. Other factors including smoking, associated comorbidities, and therapeutic drugs might also modify the circulating metabolomic profile and play a role in RA pathogenesis. This article summarizes what is known about circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory metabolites in RA. It also emphasizes factors that might be involved in their circulating concentrations and diet-related metabolites with a beneficial effect in RA.
Highlights
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory arthritis that affects approximately1% of the world’s population
A cross-sectional study in urine samples showed that some metabolites from the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle such as citrate and fumarate were elevated in women, while carnitine, acetylcarnitine, acetone, and creatinine were higher in men [83]
The results revealed that a high number of metabolites were increased in RA compared to OA Fibroblast-like synoviocites (FLS); these metabolites were amines, fatty acids, phosphates, organic acids, amino acids, sugars and sugar alcohols and salicylaldehyde
Summary
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory arthritis that affects approximately. It is a potentially debilitating disease that affects women two to three times more frequently than men [1]. It is characterized by pain and swelling in joints and produces irreversible joint damage that negatively affects patients’ quality of life in the absence of treatment. The objective of this work is to review the existing evidence for the relationship between diet, metabolites, and inflammation in RA. Cells 2020, 9, 827changes across multiple studies (Figure 1 and Table 1). The objective of this work2is of to review the existing evidence for the relationship between diet, metabolites, and inflammation in RA.
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