Abstract
Acute liver failure as life threatening condition comprises a difficult diagnostic situation to evaluate potential outcomes and therapeutic options. Thus, prognostic indicators are urgently needed for evaluation of progression of liver injury, clinical outcome, prognosis, and for therapeutic response. Recently, circulating microRNA, in particular miR-122, was described as a potential biomarker of acute liver injury after intoxication of mice. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) molecules are very stable and RNase-resistant due to protein aggregation and vesicle enclosure. Since miRNA species are known to be associated with chronic liver damage or with liver cancer, circulating miRNA patterns are suggested to serve also as reporters for progression of acute liver failure. miRNA profiling analyses using PCR arrays or next generation sequencing, may achieve identification of miRNA species that are linked to the rapid progression of acute liver injury, to the outcome of liver failure, or to the therapeutic response. Therefore, circulating miRNAs are promising, non-invasive biomarkers of future diagnostic approaches. However, normalisation of circulating miRNA levels is essential and further standardisation of miRNA quantification assays is needed.
Highlights
Acute liver failure is a life-threatening liver disease characterized by a rapid and fulminant loss of liver function
We summarize the perspectives of circulating miRNAs to function as novel promising biomarkers of acute hepatitis
Circulating miRNAs in acute hepatitis leads to gene repression, miR-122 binding to two target sites in the 5 -untranslated region (UTR) of the HCV genome results in HCV-RNA genome stabilization and enhanced replication
Summary
Acute liver failure is a life-threatening liver disease characterized by a rapid and fulminant loss of liver function. Circulating miRNAs in acute hepatitis leads to gene repression, miR-122 binding to two target sites in the 5 -UTR of the HCV genome results in HCV-RNA genome stabilization and enhanced replication.
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