Abstract
Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) have great potential as cardiac biomarkers and they are also being explored for their roles in intercellular communication and gene expression regulation. The analysis of circulating miRNAs in response to exercise would provide a deeper understanding of the molecular response to physical activity and valuable information for clinical practice. Here, eight male college students were recruited to participate in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and 1 h acute exercise training (AET). Blood samples were collected and serum miRNAs involved in angiogenesis, inflammation and enriched in muscle and/or cardiac tissues were analyzed before and after cardiopulmonary exercise and acute exercise. The miRNAs we detected were miR-1, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-126, miR-133a, miR-133b, miR-146, miR155, miR-208a, miR-208b, miR-210, miR-221, miR-222, miR-328, miR-378, miR-499, and miR-940. We found that serum miR-20a was decreased significantly after CPET and serum miR-21 was increased after AET. In addition, no robust correlation was identified between the changes of these miRNAs and makers of cardiac function and exercise capacity, which indicates a distinct adaptation of these miRNAs to exercise. Future studies are highly needed to define the potential use of these circulating miRNAs as useful biomarkers of exercise training, and disclose the biological function of circulating miRNAs as physiological mediators of exercise-induced cardiovascular adaptation.
Highlights
Regular physical exercise is a part of healthy lifestyle, which can prevent and reduce the risk of diseases, including metabolic and aging-related diseases and even cancer, and affect mitochondrial metabolism as well as cognitive, cardiovascular and immune functions (Moore et al, 2012; Febbraio, 2017)
We reported that serum miR-20a decreased in response to cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), while serum miR21 increased in response to acute exercise training (AET)
We showed that no robust correlations was identified between the changes of miR21 and miR-20a induced by exercise to makers of cardiac function and exercise capacity, which suggested that these two miRNAs were distinct biomarkers and further studies using high-throughput circulating miRNAs screening techniques are highly needed
Summary
Regular physical exercise is a part of healthy lifestyle, which can prevent and reduce the risk of diseases, including metabolic and aging-related diseases and even cancer, and affect mitochondrial metabolism as well as cognitive, cardiovascular and immune functions (Moore et al, 2012; Febbraio, 2017). Circulating microRNAs in Exercise Training multiple signaling pathways and influence different exerciseassociated traits including energy metabolism, angiogenesis, inflammation, muscle recovery, and mitochondrial biogenesis (Horak et al, 2018). Non-coding RNAs, and especially microRNAs (miRNAs, miRNAs), constitute a new regulatory component that may play a role in exercise-induced adaptations (Silva et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2018). MiRNAs play a role in the progresses of early embryogenesis and proliferation, differentiation, survival, proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism and energy balance of cell (He and Hannon, 2004; Esquela-Kerscher and Slack, 2006). The expression of miRNAs frequently dysregulated in various human diseases, such as inflammation, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, muscle hypertrophy, lymphomas, leukemias, and cancer (Mohamed et al, 2011; Hruska-Plochan et al, 2015; Grobbelaar and Ford, 2019)
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