Circulating microRNA as a Biomarker for Coronary Artery Disease.

Ibrahim T Fazmin,Kamalan Jeevaratnam,Asri Said,Charlotte E Edling,Zakaria Achercouk

doi:10.3390/biom10101354

Ibrahim T Fazmin, Kamalan Jeevaratnam + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/biom10101354

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Abstract

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in adults, and new methods of predicting disease and risk-stratifying patients will help guide intervention in order to reduce this burden. Current CAD detection involves multiple modalities, but the consideration of other biomarkers will help improve reliability. The aim of this narrative review is to help researchers and clinicians appreciate the growing relevance of miRNA in CAD and its potential as a biomarker, and also to suggest useful miRNA that may be targets for future study. We sourced information from several databases, namely PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, when collating evidentiary information. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are short, noncoding RNAs that are relevant in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, playing roles in cardiac hypertrophy, maintenance of vascular tone, and responses to vascular injury. CAD is associated with changes in miRNA expression profiles, and so are its risk factors, such as abnormal lipid metabolism and inflammation. Thus, they may potentially be biomarkers of CAD. Nevertheless, there are limitations in using miRNA. These include cost and the presence of several confounding factors that may affect miRNA profiles. Furthermore, there is difficulty in the normalisation of miRNA values between published studies, due to pre-analytical variations in samples.

Highlights

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly
Biomarkers are defined as characteristics that may be measured as indicators of normal biological processes or pathogenic processes [1]
Biomarkers may involve several modalities, such as substances measured in the blood and other bodily fluids, as well as imaging results and technologies like electrocardiography; in particular, multi-biomarker approaches may be promising approaches for the better detection of pathophysiology [2]

Summary

Introduction

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. It is a complex, chronic pathological process in the intima of coronary arteries, yielding atherosclerotic lesions that restrict blood flow to the myocardium and may be associated with a degree of inflammation. Whilst the disease can remain stable, acute plaque rupture followed by coronary artery thrombosis can be a fatal event. Detection of this disease will allow for early management and intervention, reducing morbidity and mortality. Numerous studies have assessed the validity of these modalities Their reliability, whilst being generally suitable, varies depending on context [4]. A potenBtioamlorleecaulseso2n02f0o, r10t,hxis is variations between heterogenous study populations; si2mofu26ltaneous consideration of different biomarkers may improve reliability [4]

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