Abstract
Background and aimThe study aimed to determine whether the MPs levels and platelet activation are affected by the COVID-19 infection in both malignant and non-malignant patients compared to healthy individuals and define their contribution to the COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and the relation of these MPs to other hematologic parameters.Patients and methodsWe recruited 23 malignant patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19, also, 19 COVID-19 non-malignant patients, and 20 healthy volunteers were also enrolled for comparison. Blood samples were collected from patients and healthy donors into 5 mL vacutainer tube containing 3.5% buffered sodium citrate solution for measurement of total microparticles (TMPs), platelet microparticles (PMPs), endothelial microparticles (EMPs), CD62 activated platelets, and CD41 platelet marker.ResultsCOVID-19 malignant patients had significantly lower hemoglobin and platelets compared to COVID non-malignant ones, while they had significantly higher C-reactive protein, LDH, AST, Albunim, creatinine, and prognostic index (PI) compared to COVID-19 non-malignant patients. significant accumulations of TMPs, PMPs, EMPs, and activated platelets in COVID-19 affected patients compared to healthy controls. TMPs, and EMPs were significantly accumulated in COVID-19 malignant compared to COVID-19 non-malignant patients with no significant difference in PMPs between both.ConclusionCirculating MPs and activated platelets may be promising novel prognostic biomarkers capable of identifying potentially severe COVID-19 patients who require immediate care especially in cancer patients.
Highlights
Microparticles are a diverse group of bioactive small-sized vesicles (100–1000nm) that can be found in body fluids and blood after activation, necrosis, or apoptosis of almost all cells [1]
COVID-19 malignant patients had significantly lower hemoglobin and platelets compared to COVID non-malignant ones, while they had significantly higher C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), AST, Albunim, creatinine, and prognostic index (PI) compared to COVID-19 non-malignant patients. significant accumulations of total microparticles (TMPs), platelet microparticles (PMPs), endothelial microparticles (EMPs), and activated platelets in COVID-19 affected patients compared to healthy controls
TMPs, and EMPs were significantly accumulated in COVID-19 malignant compared to COVID-19 non-malignant patients with no significant difference in PMPs between both
Summary
Microparticles are a diverse group of bioactive small-sized vesicles (100–1000nm) that can be found in body fluids and blood after activation, necrosis, or apoptosis of almost all cells [1]. It is hypothesized that they participate in intercellular communication and play a major role in homeostasis under physiological conditions. In addition to their physiological roles, there has become uprising evidence of their association with multiple diseases. Most MPs in human blood originate from platelets, they arise from erythrocytes, leukocytes, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and cancer cells. Any cell can release MP such as tumor cells, smooth muscle, synovial cells, in addition to circulating blood cells, those of lymphoid origin express CD4, CD8, or CD3, while those of platelet origin CD41, and CD42a, and those of endothelial origin express on their surfaces CD144 or CD146 [3, 4]. The study aimed to determine whether the MPs levels and platelet activation are affected by the COVID-19 infection in both malignant and non-malignant patients compared to healthy individuals and define their contribution to the COVID-19 associated coagulopathy and the relation of these MPs to other hematologic parameters
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