Circulating markers of oxidative stress are associated with a muscle injury in patients with muscular dystrophy Duchenne

Abstract

BackgroundA small number of studies have confirmed the presence of oxidative damage in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Nevertheless, it is unknown if there a relationship of circulating markers of oxidative stress with a muscle injury. ObjectiveWe evaluated if oxidative damage and anti-oxidant markers are associated with muscle damage in DMD. MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 24 patients with DMD classified in ambulatory and non-ambulatory. Markers of muscle damage (creatine kinase [CK]), oxidative damage (malondialdehyde [MDA], and 8-isoprostane), anti-oxidant function (Thiol and mRNA of NRF2 and NF-κB) and nitric oxide (NO) were quantified in circulation. ResultsTotal NO, MDA, and 8-isoprostane concentrations were significantly (p < 0.05) higher, and thiol concentration was lower in non-ambulatory than ambulatory patients. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) between muscle injury (evaluated by Vignos scale) with CK (r = −0.382), NO (r = 0.444), MDA (r = 0.503), 8-isoprostanes (r = 0.435) and thiol (r = −0.430) was observed. Conclusion: These findings suggest that non-ambulatory have high oxidative damage and low anti-oxidant function than ambulatory patients with DMD. Total nitric oxide and oxidative damage plasma markers increase, but the anti-oxidant marker thiol decreases with a muscle injury in boys with DMD. The findings of this study suggest that these markers could be considered as goods indicators of oxidative damage in longitudinal studies to evaluate the muscle injury during DMD progression. Additionally, these findings add new information about the pathophysiology of DMD.