Circulating Irisin and esRAGE as Early Biomarkers of Decline of Metabolic Health.

Elena Dozio,Federico Ambrogi,Massimiliano Marco Corsi Romanelli,Stefano Benedini,Elena Vianello,Roberta Rigolini,Clementina Sitzia,Silvia Gorini,Benedetta Rampoldi,Lorenza Tacchini

doi:10.3390/jcm9020454

Abstract

A decline in metabolic health may take place before observing any alteration in the levels of the traditional metabolic markers. New indicators of metabolic derangement are therefore compelling. Irisin is a myokine with important metabolic functions. The role of irisin as a metabolic biomarker in humans has not been fully established yet. We quantified plasma irisin and esRAGE in 106 apparently healthy individuals and we performed a cluster analysis to evaluate their associations with metabolic profile. Plasma levels of various traditional markers of metabolic risk (i.e., glucose and lipid levels) were all within the ranges of normality. We identified two clusters of individuals. Compared to cluster 2, individuals in cluster 1 had higher irisin levels, a metabolic profile shifted toward the limits of the reference ranges and lower esRAGE levels. The traditional metabolic blood tests seem not to be enough to identify a metabolic decline early. Irisin increase and esRAGE decrease may reflect a metabolic derangement at the beginning of its development. The role of these molecules as early biomarkers of decline of metabolic health seems an interesting topic to be further explored.

Highlights

Irisin is a myokine mainly produced by the skeletal muscle after exercise and exposure to cold through the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha [1]
Regarding esRAGE, we found an inverse correlation with body mass index (BMI) (r = −0.421, p < 0.0001), waist circumference (r = −0.368, p < 0.0001), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (r = −0.435, p
Biomarkers provide an easy and minimally invasive means to diagnose, In this study, we explored the role of irisin along with the different forms of sRAGE as early biomarkers of metabolic derangement by performing a cluster analysis in a group of apparently healthy individuals

Summary

Introduction

Irisin is a myokine mainly produced by the skeletal muscle after exercise and exposure to cold through the stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha [1]. Irisin may promote thermogenesis and energy expenditure by increasing the expression of uncoupling protein 1 and browning of white adipose cells [2]. Irisin has been shown to have important metabolic functions. It can decrease glucose level, improve insulin resistance [3,4,5,6,7] and, interestingly, counteract some detrimental effects induced by advanced glycation end products (AGE) [8]. By binding to RAGE (membrane receptor for AGE), AGE may promote inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction [9,10]. AGE formation is the result of normal metabolism, but their production and accumulation are enhanced under inflammation and oxidative stress, two conditions that characterize metabolic derangement

Results

Discussion

Conclusion