Abstract
Background/ObjectivesPeople with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) may still have an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality compared to metabolically healthy lean (MHL) individuals. However, the mechanisms linking obesity to cardiovascular diseases are not entirely understood. We therefore tested the hypothesis that circulating cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are higher in MHO compared to MHL individuals.Subjects/MethodsSerum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), E-selectin and P-selectin were measured in age- and sex-matched groups of MHL (n = 32), MHO categorized into BMI-matched insulin sensitive (IS, n = 32) or insulin resistant (IR) obesity (n = 32) and people with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO, n = 32).ResultsIndeed, individuals with MHO have significantly higher sICAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin serum concentrations compared to MHL people. However, these CAMs are still significantly lower in IS compared to IR MHO. There was no difference between the groups in sVCAM-1 serum concentrations. Compared to all other groups, circulating adhesion molecules were significantly higher in individuals with MUO.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that obesity-related increased cardiovascular risk is reflected and may be mediated by significantly higher CAMs. The mechanisms causing elevated adhesion molecules even in the absence of overt cardio-metabolic risk factors and whether circulating CAMs could predict cardiovascular events need to be explored.
Highlights
The concept of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) derived from clinical observations that a subgroup of people with obesity does not exhibit cardio-metabolic abnormalities [1]
We have shown that MHO is associated with higher adiponectin and lower C-reactive protein (CRP), progranulin, chemerin, fetuin-A, retinol binding protein-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 serum concentrations compared to metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) [1, 6]
We found that soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), sE-selectin, and selectin and P-selectin
Summary
The concept of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) derived from clinical observations that a subgroup of people with obesity does not exhibit cardio-metabolic abnormalities [1]. Factors secreted from adipose tissue may mechanistically link increased fat mass in obesity to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) [5]. In this context, we have shown that MHO is associated with higher adiponectin and lower C-reactive protein (CRP), progranulin, chemerin, fetuin-A, retinol binding protein-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 serum concentrations compared to MUO [1, 6]. CAMs are glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various cells in response to signals of inflammation and mediate binding with the extracellular matrix [8, 9] They are involved in migration of leukocytes to inflammatory sites [8]. We tested the hypothesis that serum CAMs concentrations discriminate age- and sex-matched MHL from MHO either defined as insulin sensitive (IS) or insulin resistant (IR) by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps
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