Abstract
Our objective is to determine circulating Bone morphogenetic protein-9(BMP-9) levels in subjects with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and examine the relationship between BMP-9 and conventional markers for MetS and insulin resistance (IR). A total of 362 newly diagnosed patients with MetS along with healthy controls were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Circulating BMP-9 levels were measured by ELISA. Circulating BMP-9 levels were significantly lower in MetS patients compared to those of the healthy controls. BMP-9 was associated negatively with Waist hip ratio (WHR), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-hour blood glucose after glucose overload (2h-OGTT), HbA1c, triglyceride (TG) levels and HOMA-IR and positively with free fatty acid (FFA) and HDL after control for age and sex. In a multiple linear regression, BMP-9 was independently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), HOMA-IR and FFA. Binary logistic regression showed that plasma BMP-9 concentrations were significantly associated with MetS even after controlling for anthropometric variables and lipid profiles. In addition, circulating BMP-9 levels reduced progressively with an increasing number of MetS components. The best cutoff values for circulating BMP-9 to predict MetS was 56.6 ng/L. Circulating BMP-9 levels were associated with the key components of MetS and IR.
Highlights
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of risk factors for insulin resistance (IR) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease, including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia[1]
The major findings of the present study are 1) circulating Bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9) levels are lower in subjects with MetS compared with healthy controls; 2) circulating concentrations of BMP-9 significantly decreased with more than 3 components of MetS; 3) plasma BMP-9 concentrations are significantly associated with MetS even after controlling for anthropometric variables, lipid profiles and hormone levels
We showed that circulating BMP-9 levels in MetS are significantly decreased compared with the healthy controls, which is similar to a recent study of T2DM patients[19]
Summary
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by a cluster of risk factors for insulin resistance (IR) type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease, including obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia[1]. Some animal studies have demonstrated that BMP-9 has multiple functions including angiogenesis, promoting the differentiation of cholinergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and regulating hepatic growth[14,15,16]. BMP-9 has been shown to regulate the key enzymes of fatty acid synthesis in the liver, promote insulin release from the pancreas, suppress hepatic glucose production (HGP) and increase brown adipogenesis in adipose tissue[17,18]. Our aim is to assess the association between circulating BMP-9 levels and MetS as well as the number of components and plasma BMP-9 levels in middle-aged and older Chinese populations
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