Abstract
Survivin is an inhibitor of apoptosis as well as a promoter of cell proliferation. Fibulin-3 is a matrix glycoprotein that displays potential for tumor suppression or propagation. The present study aimed to validate the expression levels of survivin and fibulin-3 in benign and malignant respiratory diseases. This case–control study included 219 patients categorized into five groups. Group A included 63 patients with lung cancer, group B included 63 patients with various benign lung diseases, group D included 45 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), and group E included 48 patients with various benign pleural diseases. Group C included 60 healthy individuals (control group). Serum survivin and fibulin-3 levels were measured by ELISA, whereas their nuclear expressions in the lung and pleura were assessed via Western blot analysis. The results showed significantly higher survivin serum levels and significantly lower fibulin-3 levels in group A compared with in group B and controls (P<0.001). There were significantly higher serum levels of survivin and fibulin-3 in group D compared with in group E and controls (P<0.001), consistent with observed nuclear survivin and fibulin-3 expression levels. Fibulin-3 was determined to have higher value than survivin in discriminating lung cancer from MPM (P<0.05). Survivin and fibulin-3 could be useful diagnostic markers for lung and pleural cancers, and fibulin-3 expression was particularly useful in differentiating lung cancer from MPM.
Highlights
It is widely understood that pathological inhibition of apoptosis plays a significant role in the growth, progression, and resistance to therapy of cancer [1]
Group A included 63 patients diagnosed with lung cancer, group B included 63 patients diagnosed with various benign lung diseases, group D included 45 patients diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM), and group E included 48 patients diagnosed with various benign pleural diseases
The current study was conducted in 219 age- and sex-matched patients (141 males and 78 females) with various benign and malignant lung and pleural diseases. These patients were categorized into four groups: group A included 63 patients diagnosed with lung cancer (42 males and 21 females, with a mean age of 57.67 +− 7.51); group B included 63 patients diagnosed with various benign lung diseases (39 males and 24 females, with a mean age of 51.62 +− 11.14); group D included 45 patients diagnosed with MPM (27 males and 18 females, with a mean age of 53.73 +− 4.95); and group E included48 patients diagnosed with various benign pleural diseases (33 males and 15 females, with a mean age of 52.13 +− 4.11)
Summary
It is widely understood that pathological inhibition of apoptosis plays a significant role in the growth, progression, and resistance to therapy of cancer [1]. Survivin is expressed in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of various malignant tumor cells. Survivin exerts an anti-apoptotic effect, but regulates cell proliferation in the nucleus [5,6]. Increased expression of fibulin-3 was found to inhibit TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial permeability in breast cancer, as well as cell morphology, proliferation, encroachment, adhesion, and migration [7,8], whereas the loss of expression or function of fibulin-3 promoted these TGF-β-mediated effects [9]. Fibulin-3 up-regulation suppressed the invasion and migration of lung adenocarcinoma cells, as well asthe expression of EMT activators N-cadherin and Snail [10]
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