Abstract
The paper presents a circular scale of time—and its diagrams—which can be successfully applied in calculating the Schrodinger perturbation energy of a non-degenerate quantum state. This seems to be done in a more simple way than with the aid of any other of the perturbation approaches of a similar kind. As an example of the theory suitable to comparison is considered the Feynman diagrammatic method based on a straight-linear scale of time which represents a much more complicated formalism than the present one. All diagrams of the approach outlined in the paper can obtain as their counterparts the algebraic formulae which can be easily extended to an arbitrary Schrodinger perturbation order. The calculations and results descending from the perturbation orders N between N = 1 and N = 7 are reported in detail.
Highlights
What is time? My answer is that it is a parameter which allows us to distinguish a later event from an earlier one; this distinction seems to be a fundamental property of time
The paper presents a circular scale of time—and its diagrams—which can be successfully applied in calculating the Schrödinger perturbation energy of a non-degenerate quantum state
All diagrams of the approach outlined in the paper can obtain as their counterparts the algebraic formulae which can be extended to an arbitrary Schrödinger perturbation order
Summary
What is time? My answer is that it is a parameter which allows us to distinguish a later event from an earlier one; this distinction seems to be a fundamental property of time. On the other hand, according to Springer’s “Physikalisches Handwörterbuch” [1], time is defined as an independent variable of classical mechanics. One is suggested to add here the adjective “non-relativistic” to the notion of mechanics, because the relativity—in its special picture—makes any time interval dependent on such parameters as the body velocity and light velocity. In science an important problem of time became to couple its behaviour with some other physical properties than those given by classical mechanics. In brief we need the parameters, or effects, which can be examined parallelly with time, though they do not necessarily represent an explicit dependence on the time variable. In the present case such example of the time connected with physics is given by a quantum perturbation effect. Our aim is to present the time dependence of the perturbation history—and its results—in a possibly transparent way
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