Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of non-coding RNAs that have aroused growing attention in this decade. They are widely expressed in eukaryotes and generally have high stability owing to their special closed-loop structure. Many circRNAs are abundant, evolutionarily conserved, and exhibit cell-type-specific and tissue-specific expression patterns. Mounting evidence suggests that circRNAs have regulatory potency for gene expression by acting as microRNA sponges, interacting with proteins, regulating transcription, or directly undergoing translation. Dysregulated expression of circRNAs were found in many pathological conditions and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of various disorders, including renal diseases. Recent studies have revealed that circRNAs may serve as novel reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of multiple kidney diseases, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and other glomerular diseases. Furthermore, circRNAs expressed by intrinsic kidney cells are shown to play a substantial role in kidney injury, mostly reported in DKD and RCC. Herein, we review the biogenesis and biological functions of circRNAs, and summarize their roles as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets in common kidney diseases.

Highlights

  • Frontiers in MedicineCircular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of non-coding RNAs that have aroused growing attention in this decade

  • Circular RNAs are a new type of non-coding RNA molecules that have attracted more and more attention in recent years [1]

  • Preliminary attempts have been made to clarify the roles of circRNAs as biomarkers in kidney diseases in recent years. This field of research are mainly focused on renal cell carcinoma (RCC), acute kidney injury (AKI), and glomerular diseases, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD), which are to be discussed in detailed (Table 1)

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Summary

Frontiers in Medicine

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of non-coding RNAs that have aroused growing attention in this decade. They are widely expressed in eukaryotes and generally have high stability owing to their special closed-loop structure. Dysregulated expression of circRNAs were found in many pathological conditions and contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of various disorders, including renal diseases. Recent studies have revealed that circRNAs may serve as novel reliable biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis prediction of multiple kidney diseases, such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic kidney disease (DKD), and other glomerular diseases. CircRNAs expressed by intrinsic kidney cells are shown to play a substantial role in kidney injury, mostly reported in DKD and RCC.

INTRODUCTION
Biogenesis and Regulation of CircRNAs
The Properties of CircRNAs
BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF CircRNAs
CircRNAs Act as MiRNA Sponges
CircRNAs Affect Splicing and Regulate
With Proteins
CircRNAs Undergo Translation
KIDNEY DISEASES
CircRNAs and RCC
As diagnostic biomarker of LN
CircRNAs and AKI
CircRNAs and Glomerular Diseases
FOR KIDNEY DISEASES
CircRNAs and DKD
Promoting autophagy and the resistance of RCC to gemcitabine
Promoting podocyte injury
CircRNAs and LN
CircRNAs and Other Kidney Diseases
Findings
CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE
Full Text
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