Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) have posed a great threat to human life, and the necessity of its monitoring and treatment is decided by symptomatology and/or the aneurysm size. Accumulating evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) contribute a part to the pathogenesis of AAAs. circRNAs are novel single-stranded RNAs with a closed loop structure and high stability, having become the candidate biomarkers for numerous kinds of human disorders. Besides, circRNAs act as molecular “sponge” in organisms, capable of regulating the transcription level. Here, we characterize that the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of circRNAs in AAA development were further elucidated. In the present work, studies on the biosynthesis, bibliometrics, and mechanisms of action of circRNAs were aims comprehensively reviewed, the role of circRNAs in the AAA pathogenic mechanism was illustrated, and their potential in diagnosing AAAs was examined. Moreover, the current evidence about the effects of circRNAs on AAA development through modulating endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages, and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) was summarized. Through thorough investigation, the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of circRNAs in AAA development were further elucidated. The results demonstrated that circRNAs had the application potential in the diagnosis and prevention of AAAs in clinical practice. The study of circRNA regulatory pathways would be of great assistance to the etiologic research of AAAs.
Highlights
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) frequently induce cardiovascular death among the elderly male population within various European and Asian countries [1,2,3]
Findings of this study reveal that miR28-5p, circCBFB, GRIA4, and LYPD3 are involved in AAAs. circCBFB serves as the miR-28-5p sponge, capable of regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in a LYPD3/GRIA4-dependent manner [92]
AAAs are one of the major causes leading to cardiovascular death among the senile male population, and their etiology is complex, including apoptosis of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and inflammatory reaction
Summary
Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) frequently induce cardiovascular death among the elderly male population within various European and Asian countries [1,2,3]. Due to strong gene expression regulation effects, epigenetic alterations, such as histone modification, DNA methylation, and noncoding RNA (ncRNA) modification [25,26,27], have been increasingly acknowledged as an importance contributor to AAA development. NcRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate the interactions and activities of fibroblasts, vascular inflammatory cells, endothelial cells (ECs), and SMCs, the key factors resulting in AAA occurrence remain unidentified. Many articles have demonstrated the important roles of ncRNAs in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), such as aortic dissection and AAAs. circRNAs are considered to exhibit certain effects on some CVDs, but their expression levels and roles in AAAs still remain unclarified. The regulation effect of circRNAs and their corresponding target genes on AAAs and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. The in-depth investigation on such circRNAs will shed lights on the prevention and treatment of AAAs, and these circRNAs may be used as candidate prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the prediction of the AAA incidence and the evaluation of patient prognosis
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