Abstract
BackgroundTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most challenging breast cancer subtype so far. Specific therapeutic approaches have rarely achieved clinical improvements in treatment of TNBC patients and effective molecular biomarkers are largely unknown.MethodsWe used paired TNBC samples and high throughput RNA sequencing to identify differentially expressed circRNAs. Sucrose gradient polysome fractionation assay, antibody and Mass spectra were used to validate active circRNA translation. The novel protein function was validated in vitro and in vivo by gain or loss of function assays. Mechanistic results were concluded by immunoprecipitation analyses and kinase activity assay.ResultsCircular HER2 RNA (circ-HER2) encoded a novel protein, HER2–103. Unexpectedly, while HER2 mRNA and protein were barely detected, circ-HER2/HER2–103 was expressed in ~ 30% TNBC clinical samples. Circ-HER2/HER2–103 positive TNBC patients harbored worse overall prognosis than circ-HER2/HER2–103 negative patients. Knockdown circ-HER2 inhibited TNBC cells proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo, suggesting the critical role of circ-HER2/HER2–103 in TNBC tumorigenicity. Mechanistically, HER2–103 promoted homo/hetero dimerization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)/HER3, sustained AKT phosphorylation and downstream malignant phenotypes. Furthermore, HER2–103 shared most of the same amino acid sequences as HER2 CR1 domain which could be antagonized by Pertuzumab, a clinical used HER2 antibody. Pertuzumab markedly attenuated in vivo tumorigenicity of circ-HER2/HER2–103 expressing TNBC cells but showed no effects in circ-HER2/HER2–103 negative TNBC cells.ConclusionOur results not only demonstrated that certain TNBCs were not truly ‘HER2 negative’ but also highlighted the clinical implications of Pertuzumab in circ-HER2/HER2–103 expressing TNBC patients.
Highlights
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most challenging breast cancer subtype so far
Our results demonstrated that certain TNBCs were not truly ‘HER2/neu oncogene (HER2) negative’ and highlighted the clinical implications of Pertuzumab in circ-HER2/HER2–103 expressing TNBC patients
Characterization of Circ-HER2 To define TNBC, estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression should less than 1% of tumor cells nuclei by immunohistochemistry (IHC), while HER2 expression is initially assessed by IHC with lack of overexpression defined as IHC scores 0 or 1 [24, 25]
Summary
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most challenging breast cancer subtype so far. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by lack of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and HER2/neu oncogene (HER2) [1]. TNBC is a disease with aggressive behavior and poor outcomes and treatment for TNBC remains an unmet need in breast cancer care. Recent studies have demonstrated that circRNAs served as prognostic markers and promoted proliferation or metastasis of TNBC [9, 10]. Most of these studies were supported by micro RNA sponge mechanisms, raising the hypothesis that hidden functions of circRNAs may exist in TNBC
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