Abstract
AbstractConcrete-filled tubes (CFTs) provide an opportunity for more sustainable structural systems through the use of concretes with high volumes of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) to replace cement. However, there is concern that the SCM concrete would not be able to sustain the early (construction or dead) loads due to the longer cure time, necessitating stress transfer to the steel tube, possibly leading to tube buckling. Further, these loads are permanent and the long-term response of CFTs with SCM concretes is also unknown. This research evaluates the response of CFTs with conventional and high-volume SCM concretes to immediate compressive, sustained, and extreme loadings. Two large-scale (508 mm diameter) CFT column-to-footing connection specimens, one with a high volume of SCM used to replace portland cement, were tested under long-term compressive and cyclic loadings. Shrinkage and creep were evaluated for both the large-scale CFT and companion cylinders. The total creep strain in the...
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