Abstract
This work is part of an action-research funded by the University of Buenos Aires. Its aims were to investigate the life trajectories and the processes of identity construction in homeless people in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and create a space for participation and collective reflection that facilitates the problematization of both these trajectories and socio-care circuits for homeless people. Using participative qualitative research, this work had three stages: (a) participatory diagnosis, (b) problematization and (c) first intervention. An intentional sample was selected of 10 organizations that were part of the healthcare offer for homeless people, and with a snowball sampling one of 18 homeless adults users of this offer, both men and women, who were in the streets for at least 3 years. Through interviews, focus groups, collective mapping, and the construction of a problem tree, and using grounded theory approach, it was found that interventions are organized according to certain social representations of the street situation, of the people themselves and of what is meant by "addressing the problem”. Based on these results, the limits and challenges of interventions with community-based approaches with homeless people are problematized, as well as relations between the University and the Community in the process of building knowledge.
Highlights
Its aims were to investigate the life trajectories and the processes of identity construction in homeless people in the City of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and create a space for participation and collective reflection that facilitates the problematization of both these trajectories and socio-care circuits for homeless people
An intentional sample was selected of 10 organizations that were part of the healthcare offer for homeless people, and with a snowball sampling one of 18 homeless adults users of this offer, both men and women, who were in the streets for at least 3 years
Se distinguen tres momentos/sentidos de las sesiones de retroalimentación, que se presentan de manera cronológica: (a) presentación de la información obtenida y sistematizada por el equipo de investigación luego de la etapa de diagnóstico; (b) proceso reflexivo-creativo de los y las participantes, constituidos/as en grupos de trabajo luego de la etapa de problematización y (c) surgimiento de nuevas propuestas para la investigación en el marco de la etapa de intervención
Summary
Como plantea Wiesenfeld (2014), la psicología social comunitaria se caracteriza por priorizar la participación, la reflexión crítica y la concientización sobre los modos en que opera el orden social hegemónico como forma de promover el cambio social. Implica el desplazamiento desde una mirada psicológica individual hacia la social-comunitaria, adoptando como valores la inclusión, el respeto a la diversidad de experiencias, saberes y recursos y la democratización de las relaciones de poder. Entendiendo que la investigación participativa es una práctica social de producción de conocimientos que busca la transformación social y que el conocimiento científico se produce en la propia acción al mismo tiempo que contribuye a ella, el trabajo de campo se organizó en distintas etapas: (a) diagnóstico participativo, (b) problematización y (c) primera intervención. Si bien la etapa de diagnóstico constituye de algún modo un nivel de problematización, se diferencia de la segunda porque en esta última se promovió el trabajo colectivo de discusión, mientras que en la primera se focalizó en la descripción de las relaciones entre las prácticas de asistencia y las RS sobre situación de calle sobre las que se fundan
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