Abstract
When lightning strikes a transmission tower or overhead line, the lightning current generates a spherically expanding electromagnetic field. The propagation mode of an expanding electromagnetic wave is different from that of a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave, which is applied to the modeling of transmission lines. This paper presents an equivalent circuit model of an overhead transmission line that considers the TEM‐mode formation delay. The TEM‐mode formation delay is approximately represented by the first‐order delay functions in surge impedances and time delays in the mutual coupling from one line to the others. The proposed circuit model of the overhead line is introduced to the Alternative Transients Program version of Electromagnetic Transients Program using the MODELS language through a formulation in the phase domain based on Dommel's method. The results of the proposed model are validated through a comparison with the results of a three‐dimensional numerical electromagnetic analysis. Furthermore, the effect of the delay of the TEM‐mode formation on the voltages across the insulator strings of a lightning‐struck tower is described by referencing a previous experimental study conducted using an actual 500 kV transmission tower. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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