Abstract
It has been observed that the breakdown voltage of the avalanche photodiode (APD) changes with the change in the ambient temperature. This situation may result in a poorer signal to noise ratio and sometimes to permanent damage to the APD. In order to overcome these problems, various considerations may be taken into account, including maintaining the temperature of the APD permanently or the design of a bias system, which would be self-adjusting according to any changes in the temperature. The latter technique was adopted and the design of a bias supply is presented in this article.
Highlights
Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are a good solution to the situations where very week signal is expected [1]
APDs have been known for their sensitivity towards changes in the ambient temperature, their operating point keeps shifting i.e. with increase in the temperature their operating point shifts away from the original breakdown point, which results in less sensitivity and reduced amplitude of the signal output
A drop in the temperature will shift the breakdown point to a lesser value, which may result in increased sensitivity and enhanced multiplication noise, which may eventually result into a permanent damage to the APD [7]
Summary
Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are a good solution to the situations where very week signal is expected [1]. Authors in [4] studied and reported the dependence of APDs’ temporal stability on a range of temperature variations. APDs have been known for their sensitivity towards changes in the ambient temperature, their operating point keeps shifting i.e. with increase in the temperature their operating point shifts away from the original breakdown point, which results in less sensitivity and reduced amplitude of the signal output. A study on APD in relation to its performance in extreme variations of temperature environment was conducted in [8]. The remedy to these problems is thought to be in the form of a temperature compensated bias system, which is capable of keeping track of any changes in the ambient temperature and providing a higher safety to the APD. Authors in [11] developed a 3D structure version of InP/InGaP APD and claimed low noise factor figures
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