CircRNA: a rising star in gastric cancer.

Abstract

In recent years, a large number of circRNAs have been identified in mammalian cells with high-throughput sequencing technologies and bioinformatics. The aberrant expression of circRNAs has been reported in many human diseases including gastric cancer (GC). The number of GC-related circRNAs with validated biological functions and mechanisms of action is growing. CircRNAs are critically involved in GC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. CircRNAs have been shown to function as regulators of parental gene transcription and alternative splicing and miRNA sponges. Moreover, circRNAs have been suggested to interact with proteins to regulate their expression level and activities. Several circRNAs have been identified to encode functional proteins. Due to their great abundance, high stability, tissue- and developmental-stage-specific expression patterns, and wide distribution in various body fluids and exosomes, circRNAs exhibit a great potential to be utilized as biomarkers for GC. Herein, we briefly summarize their biogenesis, properties and biological functions and discuss about the current research progress of circRNAs in GC with a focus on the potential application for GC diagnosis and therapy.