Circle reopening in the Tetrahymena ribozyme resembles site-specific hydrolysis at the 3′ splice site

Abstract

The Tetrahymena intron, after splicing from its flanking exons, can mediate its own circularization. This is followed by site-specific hydrolysis of the phosphodiester bond formed during the circularization reaction. The structural components involved in recognition of this bond for hydrolysis have not been established. We have made base substitutions to the P9.0 pairing and at the 3′-terminal guanosine residue (G414) of the intron to investigate their effects on circle formation and reopening. We have found that disruption of either P9.0 pairing or binding of the terminal nucleotide result in the formation of a large circle, C-413:5E23 from precursor RNA molecules that have undergone hydrolysis at the 3′ splice site. This circle is formed at the phosphodiester bond of the 5′-terminal guanosine residue of the upstream exon via nucleophilic attack by the 3′-terminal nucleotide of the intron. The large circle is novel since it can reopen eight bases downstream from the original circularization junction at a site resembling the normal 3′ splice site, restoring a guanosine to the 3′ terminus and re-establishing P9.0 pairing. The new 3′ terminus of the intron is capable of recircularization at any of the three normal wild-type sites. We conclude that both P9.0 and the 3′-terminal guanosine residue are required for the selection of the phosphodiester bond hydrolysed during circle reopening.