Circadian variation in murine hematotoxicity induced by pharmaceutical wastewater

Abstract

Hematological studies were carried out to investigate the possible deleterious effects of pharmaceutical wastewater according to the circadian dosing-time on albino mice. Pharmaceutical wastewater of 10 ml/kg was injected to different groups of animals by i.p. route at two different circadian stages 9 and 17 h after light onset, i.e. HALO corresponding, respectively, to times of best tolerance and maximum toxicity. The samples were measured for changes in the hematological parameters, such as the red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, platelet (PLT), the hemoglobin concentration (Hb), and the erythrocyte indices: the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. Pharmaceutical wastewater treatment at 17 HALO induced a maximum decrease in RBC cells (−29.84% vs. −17.6% at 9 HALO) and in Hb concentration (−27% vs. −20% at 9 HALO). However, administration of pharmaceutical wastewater at 17 HALO induced a maximum increase in MCV value (+37.26% vs. +16%. at 9 HALO) and PLT twofold higher than the control vs. only +18% at 9 HALO. Wastewater treatment at 9 and 17 HALO resulted in a slight decrease (≈ −5%) in hematocrit percentage, but not statistically significant. WBC cells were reduced significantly (p < 0.01) by −53.8% in mice treated at 9 HALO and were increased significantly (p < 0.01) by +21% in mice treated at 17 HALO compared to control. The administration of pharmaceutical wastewater induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in PLT counts at 9 HALO (+18%). While the rate of PLT was increased twofold in mice treated at 17 HALO. The data indicate that the pharmaceutical wastewater-induced hematological toxicity was higher, when it is administered in the middle of the dark span coinciding with time of maximum lethality and ataxia.