Abstract
In recent years, this fascinating and profound problem of biological timekeeping has begun to yield its secrets at a quickening pace, progress in large part propelled by the cloning and characterization of the first three circadian clock genes, period (per) (5, 6) and timeless (tim) (7–9) from Drosophila and frequency (frq) (10, 11) from the fungus Neurospora (reviewed in ref. 12). As yet no clock gene has been cloned from any vertebrate, though the identification of hamster (13) and mouse (14) circadian clock mutants indicates that genetic dissection of vertebrate clocks is possible. At present it is unclear how the treasure trove of knowledge about the anatomy, physiology, and formal properties of vertebrate circadian clocks relates to the emerging …
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