Abstract
Many physiological and behavioral responses to light persist in the absence of rods and cones. This phenomenon led to the discovery of a novel type of retinal photoreceptor that is a specialized class of retinal ganglion cell that is rendered photosensitive by its photopigment, melanopsin. Melanopsin exhibits a peak spectral sensitivity in the blue wavelengths which initiate a phosphoinositide signaling pathway that resembles the rhabdomeric phototransduction cascade of arthropod photoreceptors. The intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells have been implicated in mediating non-visual responses to light, such as circadian photoentrainment, by functioning in their capacity as photoreceptors or serving as a conduit for signals that originate in rod and/or cone pathways.
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