Abstract
Plants have endogenous biological clocks that allow organisms to anticipate and prepare for daily and seasonal environmental changes and increase their fitness in changing environments. The circadian clock in plants, as in animals and insects, mainly consists of multiple interlocking transcriptional/translational feedback loops. The circadian clock can be entrained by environmental cues such as light, temperature and nutrient status to synchronize internal biological rhythms with surrounding environments. Output pathways link the circadian oscillator to various physiological, developmental, and reproductive processes for adjusting the timing of these biological processes to an appropriate time of day or a suitable season. Recent genomic studies have demonstrated that polymorphism in circadian clock genes may contribute to local adaptations over a wide range of latitudes in many plant species. In the present review, we summarize the circadian regulation of biological processes throughout the life cycle of plants, and describe the contribution of the circadian clock to local adaptation.
Highlights
Plants as sessile organisms must precisely perceive environmental cues such as light and temperature to adapt their growth and development to surrounding environments
Recent studies using natural accessions have revealed that altering circadian timing due to natural variation in circadian clock genes could contribute to the adaptation to local environments over a wide range of latitudes
We focus on output responses regulated by the circadian clock (Fig. 1)
Summary
Plants as sessile organisms must precisely perceive environmental cues such as light and temperature to adapt their growth and development to surrounding environments. Recent studies using natural accessions have revealed that altering circadian timing due to natural variation in circadian clock genes could contribute to the adaptation to local environments over a wide range of latitudes.
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