Abstract
S. Epidermidis is among the most frequently isolated microorganisms found in -infection related to implanted devices and the formation of biofilm will be more resistant compared to the planktonic form. This study was carried out to determine the effect of coating on stainless steel orthopaedic implants surfaces with cinnamon oil and chitosan as bioadhesive to prevent biofilms formation of S. Epidermidis.The rod shaped stainless steel 316 L orthopaedic implant with 5 mm diameters was coated 2 times using a mixture of cinnamon oil and chitosan 3% and 2% respectively with serial concentration of cinnamon from 0.125% to 2%. The coated implants were then put into tubes that contained bacterial suspension and incubated. Subsequently, the implants were washed with PBS solution followed by MTT soulution and isopropanol acid solution. that related to biofilm formation. The results were expressed in numbers which represents the absorbance level at ELISA readings on 575 nm (A575) wavelength.The stainless steel implant coated with chitosan and cinnamon oil 2% and 1% has lower absorbance level compared with the absorbance level of S.Epidermidis biofilm only. This study showed that mixture of cinnamon oil and chitosan coated on the surface of stainless steel orthopaedic implant has an effect against S.Epidermidis biofilm formation with the minimum cinnamon oil concentration of 1%.
Highlights
The implants were washed by phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) solution followed by MTT (3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) and afterwards isopropanol acid solution was added to dissolve the MTT solution that had reacted with biofilm
Epidermidis biofilm was useed as the standard for biofilm formation, whereas a tube containing Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB) only was used as standard for the absence of biofilm formation
This study showed that stainless steel implant coated with chitosan and cinnamon oil 2% and 1% has lower number, whereas cinnamon oil 0.5%, 0.25%, and 0.125% has higher number compared with the absorbance level of S.Epidermidis biofilm only
Summary
Ineffective attempts of polymorphonuclear neutrophils penetration into the biofilm may result in periprosthetic osteolysis for orthopaedic implants due to the release of cytotoxic and proteolytic substances[6] Because of such ability of Staphylococcus epidermidis to attach, colonise and form biofilm on the implanted biomaterials surface, it is important to develop and implement therapeutic strategies and effective infection control measures, for the orthopaedic implanted devices[2]. This study was expected to be linked and become the advanced research extension of that study to determine the effect of coating stainless steel orthopaedic implants surfaces with cinnamon oil and chitosan as bioadhesive to prevent biofilms formation of S. Epidermidis and to determine the minimum effective concentration of cinnamon oil in chitosan
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