Abstract
Inflammation caused by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) disrupts epithelial homeostasis and threatens both human and animal health. Therefore, the discovery and development of new anti-inflammatory drugs is urgently required. Plant-derived essential oils (EOs) have good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, this study aims to screen and evaluate the effects of cinnamon oil and eucalyptus oil on anti-inflammatory activities. The associated evaluation indicators include body weight gain, visceral edema coefficient, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrogen monoxide (NO), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Urea, Crea, ALT, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB, IκB-α, iNOS, and Mn-SOD. In addition, tissue injury was determined by H&E staining. The results revealed that cinnamon oil and eucalyptus oil suppressed inflammation by decreasing SOD, TNF-α, and NF-κB levels. We also found that cinnamon oil increased the level of GSH-Px, MDA, and Mn-SOD, as well as the visceral edema coefficient of the kidney and liver. Altogether, these findings illustrated that cinnamon oil and eucalyptus oil exhibited wide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities against LPS-induced inflammation.
Highlights
Inflammation is usually considered as the complex immune responses to defend against various pathogens, toxic compounds, and environmental stress factors, but excessive inflammation is harmful to the host [1]
Self-damage caused by inflammation is inevitable, and if it cannot be resolved in time, it will lead to pathological conditions [2]
We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of essential oils regarding anti-inflammatory properties using the LPS-induced mice model
Summary
Inflammation is usually considered as the complex immune responses to defend against various pathogens, toxic compounds, and environmental stress factors, but excessive inflammation is harmful to the host [1]. Self-damage caused by inflammation is inevitable, and if it cannot be resolved in time, it will lead to pathological conditions [2]. If the inflammation subsides insufficiently or the stimulation persists, it may lead to the continuous activation of immune cells and damage the health of the body [3]. Nonsteroidal and glucocorticoid drugs are mainly used to treat inflammation; they have many adverse reactions and are not suitable for long-term use. Many countries have banned antibiotic growth promoters for animal growth promotion [4]. The appearance of extracts derived from plants is of great significance to inflammation
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