Abstract
Cinnamomum cassia Presl is a tropical aromatic evergreen tree of the Lauraceae family, commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. It is also a traditional spice, widely used around the world. This paper summarizes the achievements of modern research on C. cassia, including the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology. In addition, this review also discusses some significant issues and the potential direction of future C. cassia research. More than 160 chemicals have been separated and identified from C. cassia. The main constituents of C. cassia are terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, glycosides, etc. Modern studies have confirmed that C. cassia has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antitumour, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity, antibacterial and antiviral, cardiovascular protective, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, immunoregulatory effects, anti-tyrosinase activity and other effects. However, the modern studies of C. cassia are still not complete and more in-depth investigations need to be conducted in alimentotherapy, health product, toxicity and side effects, and more bioactive components and potential pharmacological effects need to be explored in the future.
Highlights
Cinnamomum cassia Presl is an aromatic tree species belonging to the Lauraceae family
In 2014, Pannee et al reported that EOLC and cinnamaldehyde (1.25–20 μg/mL) can decrease the production of nitric oxide (NO), the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α), TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, inhibit the expression of COX-2, iNOS and microsomal prostaglandin-E synthase-1 in LPS-activated J774A.1 cells (IC50 = 6.1 ± 0.25 and 9.97 ± 0.35 μg/mL, respectively) [34]
(100 μg/mL) inhibited 78.5% of T cell proliferation induced by concanavalin A (ConA), cinncassiol G and cinnacasol (50 and 100 μM), two new phytocompounds from Cinnamomi Cortex, significantly inhibited T cell proliferation induced by ConA and B cell proliferation induced by LPS in a dose dependent manner, and had no cytotoxicity in mice lymphocytes [39]
Summary
Cinnamomum cassia Presl is an aromatic tree species belonging to the Lauraceae family. From the bark of its young branches, cinnamon is obtained, which is widely used all around the world for its fragrance and spicy flavor (Figure 1). Cinnamomi cortex is a common traditional Chinese medicine in China. More and more studies have confirmed that C. cassia has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antitumour, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity, antibacterial and antiviral, Molecules 2019, 24, 3473; doi:10.3390/molecules24193473 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules. Molecules 2019, 24, 3473 x of pharmacological effects, including antitumour, anti-inflammatory and analgesic, anti-diabetic and cardiovascular protective, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, immunoregulatory effects, anti-tyrosinase anti-obesity, antibacterial and antiviral, cardiovascular protective, cytoprotective, neuroprotective, activity and other effects [3,4]. The content of evaluating the quality of as Cinnamomi cortex.
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