Ciliary activity on the ctenidium of bivalve molluscs

Abstract

1. Lateral ciliary activity was studied on the ctenidial preparations of several bivalves. 2. The cerebral and visceral ganglia exhibit a coordinated role in the control of ciliary beating. 3. Exposure of the ctenidia to changes in potassium and magnesium ion concentrations at acclimation salinities were salinity-dependent and probably reflect an effect on the ciliated epithelium. 4. The magnitude of cilio-inhibition is directly related to the percentage of lamellar conversions in cytosomes. 5. Since sequestered calcium has been shown to be released from lamellar-type cytosomes, it is postulated that lateral cilio-inhibition is due to an increase in the neuronal intracellular calcium concentration with subsequent release of the cilio-inhibitory neurotransmitter, dopamine. 6. There is a seasonal effect on cytosomal transformations and decarboxylase activity in neuronal tissues both in the central and peripheral elements and lateral ciliary activity. 7. The experimental design and procedures used in our studies will have broad applications for quantitatively assessing the effects of environmental factors on ciliary activity of marine and estuarine organisms.