Abstract
This study investigated the effects of smoking and gender on the haemodynamic response after tracheal intubation. Patients were assigned to one of four groups: female non-smokers, female smokers, male non-smokers and male smokers. After tracheal intubation, the highest mean (SD) increase in heart rate (30 (18) %) and rate-pressure product (40 (29) %) was seen in male smokers. The increases in heart rate and rate-pressure product in male smokers were significantly greater than those in female non-smokers, p < 0.05. The increase in rate-pressure product was significantly greater in male smokers than in male non-smokers, p = 0.022.
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