Cigarette Smoke Inhibits Hamster Oocyte Pickup by Increasing Adhesion Between the Oocyte Cumulus Complex and Oviductal Cilia1

Abstract

Previous research has shown that oocyte cumulus complex (OCC) pickup rate is inhibited in hamsters when oviducts and OCCs are simultaneously exposed to cigarette smoke solutions, independent of any effect on ciliary beat frequency. The purpose of this research was to determine whether smoke solutions caused a change in adhesion between the OCC and infundibulum of the oviduct and to determine whether a change in adhesion could account for decreased OCC pickup rate. OCC pickup rate and adhesion were measured before and after infundibula or OCCs recovered from acute in vitro exposures to mainstream and sidestream whole, gas, or particulate smoke solutions. Ciliary beat frequency was also measured on infundibula. Overall, smoke solutions decreased oocyte pickup rate 40% to 80% below control levels and increased adhesion 52% to 91% above control levels when infundibula were pretreated. A change in adhesion was observed in cases for which decreased OCC pickup rate could not be explained by a change in ciliary beat frequency. OCC pickup rate decreased 20% to 35% below control levels and adhesion increased 39% to 54% above control levels when OCCs were pretreated. These data show not only that cigarette smoke causes an increase in OCC adhesion to the oviduct, but also that there is a correlation between increased adhesion and decreased OCC pickup rate. The results also show that the both the OCC and oviduct are targets of cigarette smoke. The oviduct is more sensitive to the adverse effects of smoke; however, this may be caused by a combined impact on mechanisms involved in both adhesion and ciliary function.