Cigarette Rod Length and Its Impact on Serum Cotinine and Urinary Total NNAL Levels, NHANES 2007-2010

Abstract

Research suggests that smokers of slim, long, or ultralong cigarettes may have a perception of reduced harm from their own brand. This study compared serum cotinine and urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanonol (NNAL) levels among smokers of regular-sized (68-72mm), king-sized (79-88mm), and long (94-101mm) or ultralong (110-121mm) cigarettes. Nationally representative data from the 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed for 3,699 current smokers aged ≥20 years. Biomarker levels were summarized using geometric means (GMs). Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of cigarette rod length on log-transformed serum cotinine and creatinine-adjusted urinary total NNAL levels. The GM of serum cotinine level was higher among smokers of long/ultralong cigarettes (263.15ng/ml) compared with smokers of regular-sized (173.13ng/ml) or king-sized (213.79ng/ml) cigarettes. Similarly, the GM of creatinine-adjusted NNAL levels was higher among smokers of long/ultralong cigarettes (0.48ng NNAL/mg of creatinine) compared with smokers of regular-sized (0.34ng NNAL/mg of creatinine) or king-sized (0.33ng NNAL/mg of creatinine) cigarettes. After adjusting for potential confounders, mean cotinine and NNAL levels were both significantly higher among smokers of long/ultralong cigarettes compared with levels observed in smokers of either regular-sized or king-sized cigarettes. However, no significant differences were observed between smokers of regular-sized and king-sized cigarettes in mean levels of cotinine or NNAL. Significantly elevated tobacco biomarker levels were observed among smokers of long/ultralong cigarettes compared with smokers of regular-sized or king-sized cigarettes. This underscores the need to educate the public about the dangers of all tobacco products.