Abstract
Summary Chrysomya megacephala is a saprophagous fly whose larvae can compost manure and yield biomass and bio‐fertilizer simultaneously. However, there are concerns for the safety of the composting system, that is risk of diseases spread by way of manure pathogens, residue of harmful metals and emission of greenhouse gases. Microbiota analysis and heavy metal speciation by European Communities Bureau of Reference were evaluated in raw, C. megacephala‐composted and natural stacked swine manure to survey pathogenic bacterial changes and mobility of lead and cadmium in manure after C. megacephala feeding; the emission rate of CH4 and N2O from manure during C. megacephala composting and natural stacking was also measured. C. megacephala composting altered manure microbiota, reduced the risk of pathogenic bacteria and maintained the stability, and microbiota changes might be associated with heavy metal fractions, especially in Pseudomonas and Prevotella. In addition, C. megacephala‐composting significantly reduced the emission rate of CH4 and N2O in comparing with natural stacking situation and the first two days should be the crucial period for CH4 and N2O emission measurement for manure treatment by C. megacephala. Moreover, OTU26 and Betaproteobacteria were changed after C. megacephala composting which might play a role in emission of CH4 and N2O, respectively.
Highlights
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the production of livestock increases annually at a rapid rate worldwide
OTU26 and Betaproteobacteria were changed after C. megacephala composting which might play a role in emission of CH4 and N2O, respectively
To evaluate the three possible environment risks during C. megacephala manure composting: microbiota changes, the activity of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd), the emission rate of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) during manure handling process was evaluated to assure how C. megacephala feeding would influence the pathogenic microbiota of manure; the stability of Pb and Cd and the emission rate of CH4 and N2O were compared with those of natural stacked manure treatment
Summary
Chrysomya megacephala is a saprophagous fly whose larvae can compost manure and yield biomass and bio-fertilizer simultaneously. There are concerns for the safety of the composting system, that is risk of diseases spread by way of manure pathogens, residue of harmful metals and emission of greenhouse gases. Microbiota analysis and heavy metal speciation by European Communities Bureau of Reference were evaluated in raw, C. megacephalacomposted and natural stacked swine manure to survey pathogenic bacterial changes and mobility of lead and cadmium in manure after C. megacephala feeding; the emission rate of CH4 and N2O from manure during C. megacephala composting and natural stacking was measured. C. megacephala composting altered manure microbiota, reduced the risk of pathogenic bacteria and maintained the stability, and microbiota changes might be associated with heavy metal fractions, especially in Pseudomonas and Prevotella. C. megacephala-composting significantly reduced the emission rate of CH4 and N2O in comparing with natural stacking situation and the first two days should be the crucial period for CH4 and N2O emission measurement for manure treatment. OTU26 and Betaproteobacteria were changed after C. megacephala composting which might play a role in emission of CH4 and N2O, respectively
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