Chryseomonas luteola bloodstream infection in a pediatric patient with pulmonary arterial hypertension receiving intravenous treprostinil therapy

Abstract

Treprostinil is a prostacyclin analogue approved for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). It is commonly administered through a central venous catheter (CVC). Treprostinil is associated with the incidence of Gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infections (BSI), a susceptibility that has been associated with a diluent used for treprostinil. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy with idiopathic PAH on continuous intravenous treprostinil therapy who presented with fever and fatigue. A blood culture drawn from his CVC was positive for the rare Gram-negative organism Chryseomonas luteola. The patient made a complete recovery with antibacterial treatment. This is the only documented case of a C. luteola BSI in a PAH patient receiving continuous intravenous treprostinil. We recommend maintaining a high index of suspicion for both common and rare Gram-negative pathogens and the early administration of appropriate antibiotic therapy in this population. The use of an alternate diluent solution, such as Sterile Diluent for Flolan, further decreases the infection risk.