Chronological changes in cross-sectional area of the bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft after anatomic rectangular tunnel ACL reconstruction.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the change in cross-sectional area (CSA) of bone-patellar tendon-bone (BTB) autografts up to 5years after the anatomic rectangular tunnel (ART) anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). The changing pattern in CSA might be a potential indicator of the graft remodeling process. Ninety-six (62 males, 34 females, mean age 27.0years) patients were enrolled in this study with a total of 220 MRI scans after ART BTB ACLR to evaluate the CSA of the ACL autografts. The patients with first time unilateral ACLR that consented to undergo MRI evaluations at postoperative periods were included in this study. Intraoperatively, the CSA of the graft was measured directly using a custom-made area micrometer at the midpoint of the graft. Postoperatively, using an oblique axial slice MRI that was perpendicular to the long axis of the graft, the CSA of the graft was measured with digital radiology viewing program "SYNAPSE" at the midpoint of the graft. The postoperative MRI scans were classified into seven groups according to the period from ACLR to MRI evaluation: Group 0-2months (m.), Group 3-6m., Group 7-12m., Group 1-2years (y.), Group 2-3y., Group 3-4y., and Group 4y.-. The percent increase of the CSA was calculated by dividing the postoperative CSA by the intraoperative CSA. The postoperative CSA was significantly larger than the intraoperative CSA in each group, with the exception of Group 0-2m. The mean percent increase of the CSA in Group 0-2m., 3-6m., 7-12m., 1-2y., 2-3y., 3-4y., 4y.- was 101.8 ± 18.2, 188.9 ± 27.4, 190.9 ± 43.7, 183.3 ± 28.9, 175.2 ± 27.9, 163.9 ± 19.8, 164.5 ± 25.4% respectively. The percent increase in Group 3-6m., 7-12m., 1-2y., 2-3y., 3-4y., and 4y.- was significantly greater than that in Group 0-2m. The CSA of the BTB autografts after the ART BTB ACLR increases rapidly by 3-6months after ACLR, reached a maximum value of 190% at around 1year, decreases gradually after that, and reaches a plateau at around 3years. The current study might help clinicians to estimate an individual BTB autograft's remodeling stages when considering returning patients to sports. IV.