Abstract
The arrival of building information modeling and four-dimensional (4D) simulation is forcing the construction industry to adapt its contractual, operational and technical modes. Currently, the 4D simulation model is either a bar chart or a linear diagram. Both methods are unsuitable for modeling building projects, as showing the work sequence, circulation and supply flow between sites is difficult. Spatiotemporal planning is more suitable as a scheduling model, as it considers activities, resources, and spaces simultaneously. However, most of the optimization process based on space planning uses deterministic or stochastic optimization techniques, and these techniques are not viable enough to apply to building construction schedules. The number of parameters is too important for one to consider using algorithmic optimization only. Therefore, this paper proposes a hybrid solution based on spatiotemporal techniques that combine graphical, procedural and algorithmic aspects. The integration of spaces and operations ensures the continuity of use of spaces and teams, as well as linear production. An approach that prioritizes the critical space on the critical path of activities.
Highlights
AND JUSTIFICATIONThe fourth industrial revolution with the arrival of building information modeling (BIM) technologies and lean construction methods, including the last planner (Ballard, 2000), the space planning and the Takt time (Frandson et al, 2013), are forcing the construction industry to adapt its contractual, operational, and technical modes.During the realization phase, 4D modeling techniques can be used to simulate the construction process and detect operation succession errors and space use conflicts
The Gantt/Precedence diagram is a timeline scheduling method that combines a graphical representation of the bar chart diagram with precedence dependencies logic
This diagram focuses on defining activities on the time scale and constraints and allocating resources
Summary
The fourth industrial revolution with the arrival of building information modeling (BIM) technologies and lean construction methods, including the last planner (Ballard, 2000), the space planning and the Takt time (Frandson et al, 2013), are forcing the construction industry to adapt its contractual, operational, and technical modes. An example of this is using two teams to install Gyprock plasterboard in two areas to occupy more space while reducing the time in half, or reducing the number of teams to relax the use of spaces This logic is completely different from scheduling optimization techniques based on increasing the overlaps between various types of successors’ activities. For the purpose of optimization, the number of teams is adjusted to ensure the optimal occupancy rate of the spaces of the project site; 4) two crossing lines usually mean a logical error unless the predecessor and successor activities can run in parallel. The role of the manager is to coordinate the succession of the subcontractors’ works between the zones and to occupy the site in an optimal way He will define, in collaboration with the subcontractors, the duration of each activity by zone and the number of necessary teams.
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