Abstract
Background. This study was to explore the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin (Sax) in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats complicated with depression induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). The comorbidity of diabetic patients with depression is becoming more and more epidemic. Whether depression mental disorder alters the pharmacokinetics of hypoglycemic drugs in diabetes patients is not clear.Methods. Five-week-old male GK rats were kept in the cage for 7 weeks in a specific pathogen free (SPF)-grade lab until the emergence of diabetes and were then divided into two groups: control group and depression model group. Rats in the CUMS-induced depression group were exposed to a series of stressors for 8 weeks. Plasma serotonin and dopamine levels and behavior of open-field test were used to confirm the establishment of the depression model. All rats were given 0.5 mg/kg Sax orally after 8 weeks and blood samples were collected at different time points. The Sax concentration was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The CYP450 activity of the liver microsomes was determined by using cocktails of probe drugs in which the activities of CYP enzymes were assessed through the determination of the production of the probe drugs.Results. Statistically significant differences in Sax pharmacokinetics were observed for area under curve, clearance, peak concentration, peak time and mean residence time between the depression rats and the control rats, while no statistical differences were observed for half-time and distribution volume by HPLC-MS/MS analysis. The CYP450 activity had different changes in the depression group.Conclusions. These results indicated that CUMS-induced depression alters the drug metabolic process of Sax and CYP450 activity of the liver microsomal enzymes in GK rats.
Highlights
Depression mental disorder is increasing in patients with obesity, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and diabetes (Al-Asadi, Klein & Meyer, 2015; Robbins et al, 2012; How to cite this article Xia et al (2016), Chronic unpredicted mild stress-induced depression alter saxagliptin pharmacokinetics and CYP450 activity in GK rats
A previous work from the authors of this study found that chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS)-induced depression alters pharmacokinetics of mitiglinide in Sprague–Dawley rats (Zeng et al, 2014)
The locomotion and exploratory scores significantly decreased from 37.40 ± 9.44 to 14.10 ± 3.00 (p < 0.01), and from 14.10 ± 2.38 to 7.60 ± 2.17 (p < 0.01) in the depression group, respectively
Summary
Depression mental disorder is increasing in patients with obesity, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and diabetes (Al-Asadi, Klein & Meyer, 2015; Robbins et al, 2012; How to cite this article Xia et al (2016), Chronic unpredicted mild stress-induced depression alter saxagliptin pharmacokinetics and CYP450 activity in GK rats. This study was to explore the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin (Sax) in Goto–Kakizaki (GK) rats complicated with depression induced by chronic unpredicted mild stress (CUMS). Whether depression mental disorder alters the pharmacokinetics of hypoglycemic drugs in diabetes patients is not clear. These results indicated that CUMS-induced depression alters the drug metabolic process of Sax and CYP450 activity of the liver microsomal enzymes in GK rats
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