Chronic stress in old age: Psychometric properties of the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress (TICS), based on a general population sample aged 60 and over

Abstract

BackgroundChronic stress results from an imbalance of personal traits, resources and the demands placed upon an individual by social and occupational situations. This chronic stress can be measured using the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS). The aims of the present study are to test the factorial structure of the TICS in a sample of elderly people, report its psychometric properties, and give norm values for elderly individuals. MethodsThe TICS was answered by N = 790 healthy participants aged 60 to 99 years. The sample was selected by random-route sampling. Confirmatory factor analyses applying Robust Maximum Likelihood estimations (MLM) tested model fit and factorial structure. Reliability estimations and norm values are reported. ResultsConfirmatory factor analyses replicate the reported nine-factor as well as the higher-order two-factor solution. Additionally, a general one-factor model was identified. All models provide acceptable model fit, with model comparison fit statistics corroborating the superiority of the nine-factor model. Reliability coefficients were good to very good. ConclusionThe TICS can now also be used reliably in samples with elderly people. Its proposed nine-factor structure could be factorially validated and results in good scale reliability. Norm values for an elderly sample are now available.