Abstract
Abstract Introduction Contraceptives are widely used by women in much of the world. The stress associated with their use can lead adverse responses in the body. Objective The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of chronic stress associated with contraceptive use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in female Lewis rats. Material and method Therefore, forty rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8): contraceptive and ligature group (CG); stress and ligature group (SG); contraceptive, stress and ligature group (CSG); ligature group (LG); and control group (CtrlG). An injectable contraceptive was administered to the CG and CSG groups at the beginning of the experiment. On the following day, periodontitis was induced in the CG, SG, LG and CSG groups by placing ligatures on the upper-right second molar. On the third day, the SG and the CSG were subjected to a chronic stress model using physical restraint and cold exposure. After 60 days, the animals were euthanized and submitted to histometric measurements. Two parameters were considered: histological attachment loss (CEJ-PL) and bone loss (CEJ-BC). Regarding CEJ-PL/CEJ-BC. Result The results indicated that the CtrlG (CEJ-PL 0.10 ± 0.00; CEJ-BC 0.34 ± 0.02) showed the lowest values (p<0.05). The SG group (CEJ-PL 0.90 ± 0.24; CEJ-BC 1.30 ± 0.28) presented higher values that were significantly different (p<0.05) from the results of the LG. The other groups exhibited similar statistical results (p>0.05). Conclusion The present results do not allow an assessment of the susceptibility of animals to ligature-induced periodontitis.
Highlights
Contraceptives are widely used by women in much of the world
The animals were randomly divided into five groups (Figure 1), as follows: the contraceptive and ligature group (CG, n = 8); the stress and ligature group (SG, n = 8); the contraceptive, stress and ligature group (CSG, n = 8); the ligature group (LG, n = 8); and the control group (CtrlG, n = 8)
The study results indicate that when histological attachment loss (CEJ-PL) (Figure 3) and histological bone loss (CEJ-BC) (Figure 4) were compared using the fixed-factor two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the animals that were subjected to stress -CEJ-PL 0.90 ± 0.24; CEJ‐BC 1.30 ± 0.28‐ presented significantly different results from those subjected to periodontitis induction alone -CEJ-PL 0.58 ± 0.33; CEJ-BC1.13 ± 0.41- (p
Summary
Contraceptives are widely used by women in much of the world. The stress associated with their use can lead adverse responses in the body. Objective: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of chronic stress associated with contraceptive use on the progression of ligature-induced periodontitis in female Lewis rats. Changes in periodontal conditions are associated with variations in the levels of these substances[1] In this respect, the use of oral contraceptives plays an important role[2], as these drugs modify the estrous cycle to prevent pregnancy. The use of oral contraceptives plays an important role[2], as these drugs modify the estrous cycle to prevent pregnancy It seems that estrogen and progesterone receptors located in the gingival tissue allow a greater accumulation of immunoinflammatory products, altering defense responses to microbial biofilm challenges[3]. Greater amounts of cortisol and adrenaline are generated, altering the pattern of the immune response in the periodontium and contributing to the progression of periodontal disease[5,6]
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