Chronic renal failure in the brazzaville university hospital center: Epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary aspects.

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global public health problem today. In Congo, we have very little epidemiological data. Our goal is to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic, and progressive aspects of IRC in Brazzaville. We carried out a retrospective and descriptive study on patients with chronic renal failure, hospitalized in the nephrology and dialysis department of the Brazzaville teaching hospital from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2018. The data were established from patient medical records. The statistical analysis was done with the Epi info software. During our study, 953 patients were hospitalized in nephrology, of which 497 (52.1%) presented with CKD, only 407 files were usable (42.7%). Their average age was 51.8 ± 15.2 years; with a male predominance of 59.1%. The first three causal nephropathies are diabetes mellitus (23.3%), high blood pressure (21.8%), and chronic nondiabetic glomerulonephritis (15.5%). In 22.3% of cases, the causative nephropathy remained undetermined. CKD was declared terminal in 295 patients (74, 2%); 73 (19.8%) of whom were able to access dialysis. Erythropetine (EPO) was indicated in 316 patients (77%), only 8.4% received it. The mortality rate was 49.9%. Our study reveals the major health issue of IRC in the Congo. The intervention of all the actors of national public health is necessary to face this scourge, which makes us ask for help from all international and national donors.