Chronic renal failure in equine due to ascending pyelonephritis predisposed by cauda equina syndrome: case report

J.H Fonteque,M.C.S Granella,V Borelli,A Costa,R.P Mendes,P.G Costa,A.F Souza,J Schade

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-9958

Abstract

ABSTRACT This report describes the case of a mare, of the Campeiro breed, used as an embryo donor, which had recurrent cystitis and urinary incontinence crisis. Clinical signs evolved to progressive weight loss, anorexia, apathy, and isolation from the group. Physical examination showed tail hypotonia, perineal hypalgesia, rectal and bladder sagging compatible with signs related to cauda equina syndrome. Complementary laboratory and sonographic assessment, and necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of chronic renal failure (CRF), which was attributed to the ascending pyelonephritis. The examination of urine culture showed growth of bacteria of the genus Streptococcus sp. This is a rare case in the equine species where the lower motor neuron dysfunction led the development of infectious process in the urinary tract, progressing to renal chronic condition incompatible with life.

Highlights

Descreve-se o caso de uma égua, da raça Campeiro, utilizada como doadora de embriões, que apresentava quadros de cistite recorrente e incontinência urinária
Due to the infrequent clinical presentation of upper urinary tract changes resulting from neurological disorders, the objective is to describe the case of an equine with chronic renal failure secondary to pyelonephritis due to ascending infection of the urinary tract, which was predisposed by cauda equina syndrome, occurred in Lages city, Santa Catarina state, Brazil
Budras et al (2009) afirm that the coordination of the tonicity of the sphincter muscles and adjacent organs are performed by the lower motor neuron (LMN), which is responsible for interconnecting the central nervous system (CNS) to the effector organ, so dysfunctions in these nerve conduction pathways result in neurogenic urinary incontinence (Hines, 2015; Sponseller, 2015)

Summary

Introduction

Descreve-se o caso de uma égua, da raça Campeiro, utilizada como doadora de embriões, que apresentava quadros de cistite recorrente e incontinência urinária. Cauda equina syndrome (CES) is a neurological disorder secondary to traumatic, metabolic, infectious, inflammatory, toxic, and/or degenerative alterations characterized by clinical manifestations related to lower motor neuron (LMN) injury (Hines, 2015; Sponseller, 2015). The main complications established after cauda equina injury are related to the organs of the urinary tract, due to predispose bladder and kidney ascending infections, leading to cystitis and pyelonephritis, respectively, affecting organs functionality, and can result in chronic renal failure.

Results

Conclusion