Abstract
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive inflammatory process that causes irreversible damage to the pancreas due to fibrosis and scarring. The incidence of CP varies among regions. Alcohol consumption and smoking are the main aetiologicalfactors of CP. In addition, autoimmune diseases, hereditary and genetic factors, and tropical CP also contribute to this condition. Though no single mechanism has been shown to initiate CP pathogenesis, this disease ultimately results in fibrosis, scarring, and insufficiency in the pancreas. Chronic upper abdominal pain, steatorrhea, malnutrition, and diabetes mellitus are the main clinical features of CP. Detecting this disease at an early stage is difficult unless it is explicitly checked for due to strong suspicions. Nevertheless, pancreatic function tests, imaging, and endoscopy are used to diagnose CP . Pain management, exocrine supplementation, diabetic management, and endoscopic or surgical drainage and resection procedures are essential for managing CP. Early surgical intervention can improve the remaining pancreatic reserve, delay pancreatic failure, and improve the quality of life of patients with this disease.
Highlights
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an established and progressive inflammation of the pancreas that causes irreversible damage with scarring, eventually leading to exocrine pancreatic failure and malnutrition
[11] Both of these risk factors increase the progression of acute pancreatitis to CP, which is very rare in patients with recurrent pancreatitis due to non-alcohol aetiological factors
A known CPrelated pathogenic mutation is in protease serine 1 (PRSS1), which causes hereditary pancreatitis (HP) and contributes to approximately 1% of CP cases
Summary
Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is an established and progressive inflammation of the pancreas that causes irreversible damage with scarring, eventually leading to exocrine pancreatic failure and malnutrition. CP progresses to endocrine failure, leading to diabetes mellitus. [2] The incidence of CP is poorly studied and varies across different parts of the world. Recent data have shown an increasing worldwide trend over the last few decades. [2] A study conducted in France revealed that the incidence of CP is 7.8 per 100,000. [5] research in the United States showed that the incidence of CP is 5 per 100,000. [6] A Mayo Clinic study showed that the incidence of chronic pancreatitis increased from 2.94/100,000 during 1977–1986 to 4.35/100,000 during 1997–2006. Recent data have shown an increasing worldwide trend over the last few decades. [2] A study conducted in France revealed that the incidence of CP is 7.8 per 100,000. [5] research in the United States showed that the incidence of CP is 5 per 100,000. [6] A Mayo Clinic study showed that the incidence of chronic pancreatitis increased from 2.94/100,000 during 1977–1986 to 4.35/100,000 during 1997–2006. [7]
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