Abstract
Chronic osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis represents an uncommon form of osteomyelitis with significant periosteal inflammatory reaction as an additional component and is mostly associated with dental caries with associated periapical inflammatory disease. The aim of this study is to report the case of a 15-year-old female patient presenting with a complaint of a painless right mandibular swelling lasting about 3 months, in close relationship to the right lower second molar showing extensive caries. Panoramic radiograph showed periosteal bone neoformation along the right lower mandibular border. Computed tomography scan showed extensive periosteal bone formation in the right mandibular body, involving both lingual and buccal cortical areas in the molar region. The involved tooth was removed and an incisional biopsy was performed. Histological analysis showed the presence of cortical bone neoformation. The final diagnosis was proliferative periostitis and a slight regression of the swelling was already observed after 1 month of intervention.
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